19km (12 miles) S of Pisa; 95km (59 miles) W of Florence; 315km (195 miles) NW of Rome.

Livorno is the odd one out of the cities of Tuscany there are few sights to see, no churches of fame, and just one museum of 19^th and 20^th century paintings by artists of the Macchiaioli movement, a Tuscan modification of French Impressionism. It is a busy Port city, large and graced with cool looking canals. It serves what is probably the best sea-food in Italy in its restaurants. There is a watch tower, called Meloria, on a partly submerged reef a few miles offshore. In 1284 the Pisan naval fleet was defeated by Genoa’s navy here in this city. This resulted in the decline of Pisa and the maritime dominance of Genoa.